Radiation measured by NASA's Curiosity on voyage to Mars has implications for future human missions

May 30, 2013 ? Measurements taken by NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission as it delivered the Curiosity rover to Mars in 2012 are providing NASA the information it needs to design systems to protect human explorers from radiation exposure on deep-space expeditions in the future.

Curiosity's Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) is the first instrument to measure the radiation environment during a Mars cruise mission from inside a spacecraft that is similar to potential human exploration spacecraft. The findings reduce uncertainty about the effectiveness of radiation shielding and provide vital information to space mission designers who will need to build in protection for spacecraft occupants in the future.

"As this nation strives to reach an asteroid and Mars in our lifetimes, we're working to solve every puzzle nature poses to keep astronauts safe so they can explore the unknown and return home," said William Gerstenmaier, NASA's associate administrator for human exploration and operations in Washington. "We learn more about the human body's ability to adapt to space every day aboard the International Space Station. As we build the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket to carry and shelter us in deep space, we'll continue to make the advances we need in life sciences to reduce risks for our explorers. Curiosity's RAD instrument is giving us critical data we need so that we humans, like the rover, can dare mighty things to reach the Red Planet."

The findings, which are published in the May 31 edition of the journal Science, indicate radiation exposure for human explorers could exceed NASA's career limit for astronauts if current propulsion systems are used.

Two forms of radiation pose potential health risks to astronauts in deep space. One is galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), particles caused by supernova explosions and other high-energy events outside the solar system. The other is solar energetic particles (SEPs) associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun.

Radiation exposure is measured in units of Sievert (Sv) or milliSievert (one one-thousandth Sv). Long-term population studies have shown exposure to radiation increases a person's lifetime cancer risk. Exposure to a dose of 1 Sv, accumulated over time, is associated with a five percent increase in risk for developing fatal cancer.

NASA has established a three percent increased risk of fatal cancer as an acceptable career limit for its astronauts currently operating in low-Earth orbit. The RAD data showed the Curiosity rover was exposed to an average of 1.8 milliSieverts of GCR per day on its journey to Mars. Only about three percent of the radiation dose was associated with solar particles because of a relatively quiet solar cycle and the shielding provided by the spacecraft.

The RAD data will help inform current discussions in the United States' medical community, which is working to establish exposure limits for deep-space explorers in the future.

"In terms of accumulated dose, it's like getting a whole-body CT scan once every five or six days," said Cary Zeitlin, a principal scientist at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio and lead author of the paper on the findings. "Understanding the radiation environment inside a spacecraft carrying humans to Mars or other deep space destinations is critical for planning future crewed missions."

Current spacecraft shield much more effectively against SEPs than GCRs. To protect against the comparatively low energy of typical SEPs, astronauts might need to move into havens with extra shielding on a spacecraft or on the Martian surface, or employ other countermeasures. GCRs tend to be highly energetic, highly penetrating particles that are not stopped by the modest shielding provided by a typical spacecraft.

"Scientists need to validate theories and models with actual measurements, which RAD is now providing," said Donald M. Hassler, a program director at SwRI and principal investigator of the RAD investigation. "These measurements will be used to better understand how radiation travels through deep space and how it is affected and changed by the spacecraft structure itself. The spacecraft protects somewhat against lower energy particles, but others can propagate through the structure unchanged or break down into secondary particles."

After Curiosity landed on Mars in August, the RAD instrument continued operating, measuring the radiation environment on the planet's surface. RAD data collected during Curiosity's science mission will continue to inform plans to protect astronauts as NASA designs future missions to Mars in the coming decades.

SwRI, together with Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany, built RAD with funding from NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate and Germany's national aerospace research center, Deutsches Zentrum f?r Luft- und Raumfahrt.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/space_time/nasa/~3/P-H94QcscRQ/130530145930.htm

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Legal high industry running out of names - The Daily Mash

Got any ?Fruity Jakes??

With more than 280 legal highs launched in the last 12 months, including Sharky Smile, Superbucket and Mondo Mondo, creators of highs are threatening a strike unless new names are developed.

Chemist Roy Hobbs said: ?I?ve been working for the last 18 months on a legal high that transforms users? genitals into harmonic pleasure crystals and, crucially, leaves them in control of their bowels.

?Now I?m told by the EU Legal High Commission that the only available names for it are Wooden Friend and Wales at Sunset.

?Apparently all the funky Aztec-sounding names and variations on the word ?cosmic? are already registered. I can?t even have ?Mega Mule?.?

The drugs name crisis has already hit the US, where a substance that permanently destroys higher brain functions and turns users into zombies was named Bath Salts.

A spokesman for the EU?s legal high team said: ?Clearly if you?re selling something under the pretence that it?s plant food, it needs to be called Extreme Midnight Mamba to tip people off.

?But while drug users think they have exceptional imaginations they actually all go on about the same boring shit, which is why I have 43 submitted highs on my desk under the name Neon Space Donkey. And that?s just today.?

Source: http://www.thedailymash.co.uk/news/science-technology/legal-high-industry-running-out-of-names-2013053070409

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Artificial sweeteners may be do more than sweeten: It can affect how the body reacts to glucose

May 29, 2013 ? Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found that a popular artificial sweetener can modify how the body handles sugar.

In a small study, the researchers analyzed the sweetener sucralose (Splenda?) in 17 severely obese people who do not have diabetes and don't use artificial sweeteners regularly.

"Our results indicate that this artificial sweetener is not inert -- it does have an effect," said first author M. Yanina Pepino, PhD, research assistant professor of medicine. "And we need to do more studies to determine whether this observation means long-term use could be harmful."

The study is available online in the journal Diabetes Care.

Pepino's team studied people with an average body mass index (BMI) of just over 42; a person is considered obese when BMI reaches 30. The researchers gave subjects either water or sucralose to drink before they consumed a glucose challenge test. The glucose dosage is very similar to what a person might receive as part of a glucose-tolerance test. The researchers wanted to learn whether the combination of sucralose and glucose would affect insulin and blood sugar levels.

"We wanted to study this population because these sweeteners frequently are recommended to them as a way to make their diets healthier by limiting calorie intake," Pepino said.

Every participant was tested twice. Those who drank water followed by glucose in one visit drank sucralose followed by glucose in the next. In this way, each subject served as his or her own control group.

"When study participants drank sucralose, their blood sugar peaked at a higher level than when they drank only water before consuming glucose," Pepino explained. "Insulin levels also rose about 20 percent higher. So the artificial sweetener was related to an enhanced blood insulin and glucose response."

The elevated insulin response could be a good thing, she pointed out, because it shows the person is able to make enough insulin to deal with spiking glucose levels. But it also might be bad because when people routinely secrete more insulin, they can become resistant to its effects, a path that leads to type 2 diabetes.

It has been thought that artificial sweeteners, such as sucralose, don't have an effect on metabolism. They are used in such small quantities that they don't increase calorie intake. Rather, the sweeteners react with receptors on the tongue to give people the sensation of tasting something sweet without the calories associated with natural sweeteners, such as table sugar.

But recent findings in animal studies suggest that some sweeteners may be doing more than just making foods and drinks taste sweeter. One finding indicates that the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas can detect sweet foods and drinks with receptors that are virtually identical to those in the mouth. That causes an increased release of hormones, such as insulin. Some animal studies also have found that when receptors in the gut are activated by artificial sweeteners, the absorption of glucose also increases.

Pepino, who is part of Washington University's Center for Human Nutrition, said those studies could help explain how sweeteners may affect metabolism, even at very low doses. But most human studies involving artificial sweeteners haven't found comparable changes.

"Most of the studies of artificial sweeteners have been conducted in healthy, lean individuals," Pepino said. "In many of these studies, the artificial sweetener is given by itself. But in real life, people rarely consume a sweetener by itself. They use it in their coffee or on breakfast cereal or when they want to sweeten some other food they are eating or drinking."

Just how sucralose influences glucose and insulin levels in people who are obese is still somewhat of a mystery.

"Although we found that sucralose affects the glucose and insulin response to glucose ingestion, we don't know the mechanism responsible," said Pepino. "We have shown that sucralose is having an effect. In obese people without diabetes, we have shown sucralose is more than just something sweet that you put into your mouth with no other consequences."

She said further studies are needed to learn more about the mechanism through which sucralose may influence glucose and insulin levels, as well as whether those changes are harmful. A 20 percent increase in insulin may or may not be clinically significant, she added.

"What these all mean for daily life scenarios is still unknown, but our findings are stressing the need for more studies," she said. "Whether these acute effects of sucralose will influence how our bodies handle sugar in the long term is something we need to know."

Funding for this research comes from a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Sciences Award and subaward and from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Tate & Lyle provided the sucralose. NIH grant numbers: UL1 R000448, KL2 TR000450, DK0088126, DK37948 and DK56341.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/esKCorSaTQU/130529190728.htm

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GOP group aggressively seeking minority candidates for 2014

The ongoing saga of the Republican effort to woo minority voters continues this week with an announcement that one party group plans to spend $6 million this election cycle to recruit and support female and minority candidates at the state level.

The effort is a continuation of the Republican State Leadership Committee's Future Majority Project, a campaign founded by GOP strategist Ed Gillespie in 2011. In the past election cycle, Gillespie's team spent $5 million to recruit 125 Hispanic candidates and 185 women. For 2014, the group announced on Thursday a goal of investing "at least" $6 million to find more than 200 minority and female candidates.

"We as a party need to do a better job of having a sustained conversation with men and women of all backgrounds in our communities where we think we can make a difference. Not only telling them to run, but offering them help. I think that's an important point that we're trying to make here: that it's not only talking, it's about action," said Jose Felix Diaz, a Republican state representative from Florida taking part in the effort. "It's a good start, but we can and must do better."

Members of Future Majority Caucus, a group chaired by New Mexico Republican Gov. Susana Martinez, held a conference this week in Austin, Texas, to outline its goals and plan for the next election season. The effort is part of a wider Republican Party effort to hit a reset button with minorities and women after the party struggled with nonwhite male demographics in the 2012 election.

Earlier this year, the National Republican Committee published a wide-ranging audit of the GOP's 2012 campaign efforts urging the party to invest significant resources into making inroads with minority communities. The party is currently seeking minorities to run for office on the state and local level and adopting a permanent presence in neighborhoods and districts that traditionally vote Democratic.

Jason Villalba, a Republican state lawmaker from Texas, said he anticipates the party will even veer away from hot-button issues like implementing voter identification laws in the future in fear that it could alienate minorities.

"We recognize as a party that those kinds of issues can become divisive," Villalba said. "I'll tell you philosophically that I'm not opposed to voter ID just because I believe it's about voter integrity, not about alienating our brothers and sisters. That being said, I also recognize the political implications of those kinds of issues and we want to avoid those issues that are perceived as divisive. So I think what you're going to see over the course of the next few election cycles is moving away from that kind of an issue."

According to a memo provided to Yahoo News, the Future Minority Project's goals for the 2013-2014 cycle include:

-Identify 200 new diverse candidates of all backgrounds. This reflects a doubling of our goals from last cycle when we initiated the project.

-FMP looks to not only recruit and encourage these candidates to run?we will help them win.

-Our goal is to elect 75 new candidates of diverse ethnicities across the country.

-Invest at least $6 million for the 2013-2014 election cycle.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/republican-group-aggressively-seeking-minorty-candidates-run-2014-170713001.html

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NVIDIA Shield drops by the FCC, gets ready to fill pre-orders

Eager to get your mitts on NVIDIA's first Tegra 4 device? Cast your jealous eyes upon the federal government -- they've already got one. NVIDIA's Shield gaming handheld dropped by the FCC to get its label approved, betraying its original code name, Project Thor, in the processes. Hardly a surprise to see the device passing federal muster, of course, as it's slated for release at the end of next month. Unfortunately, the filings don't reveal any hidden goodies (that is, no cellular radio), just a standard WiFi antenna. Still, if label location drawings and test reports are your thing, check out the FCC link below.

Filed under: Gaming, NVIDIA

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Source: FCC

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/GBW0RRYU7Nc/

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Blog Monetization Service Skyscraper Comes Out Of Closed Beta, Adds VigLink Integration & WordPress Plugin

Skyscraper launched last year as a pretty straightforward blog advertising service with a focus on helping bloggers make money through direct ad sales. That's still a main part of its business, and it is currently serving up more than 1.5 million ads every day, but as its co-founder Paul Burger told me last week, the company's focus is slowly shifting to becoming a full-service blog monetization service that "covers all bases." Until today, Skyscraper was only available as a closed beta, but it's now open for all.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/gF5pt40t5Fk/

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Space station astronauts snap amazing photos of Alaskan volcanic eruption

Pavlof Volcano has been erupting for over a week, releasing a humongous plume of ash, steam, and smoke visible from the International Space Station. The eruption has quieted down, but seismic data suggests that it's not over.

By Liz Fuller-Wright,?Correspondent / May 24, 2013

Space station astronauts captured this picture of Pavlof Volcano on Saturday.

Courtesy of the ISS Expedition 36 crew / NASA

Enlarge

Astronauts on the International Space Station?captured jaw-dropping pictures of a volcanic eruption last Saturday. Since then, the volcano has been hidden from sight, shrouded in thick clouds.

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Pavlof Volcano has been belching ash and spewing lava since May 13, when tremors and rising surface temperatures gave way to fountains of molten rock bursting from the volcano's north flank.

When that lava hit ice and snow, it created explosive steam clouds that could be seen for dozens of miles ? and photographed from space. The steam, ash, and gas plumes have climbed over 20,000 feet into the sky, and left a grey streak stretching for a hundred miles.

Prior to last week, Pavlof hadn't erupted since 2007.

Is it over?

Pavlof has been playing it cool for the past few days, reports the Alaska Volcano Observatory, which celebrated its 25th?anniversary last month.

Though the ash eruptions have disrupted local air travel, the violence seems to have subsided for now, with a more relaxed release of ash and lava continuing steadily. Even through the clouds hiding Pavlof from sight, satellites can measure high surface temperatures indicating that the lava is still flowing.

After about a week of steady seismic rumbles,?the shaking calmed down on Tuesday morning and hasn't restarted, though a huge seismic blast this morning suggests that Pavlof had another volcanic explosion ? but through the clouds, it's hard to know just what or where.

The scientists at Alaska Volcano Observatory have the volcano threat level set at "Watch," which is one step down from the highest level, "Warning." But they caution that massive explosions ? like the one that created that giant, 20,000-foot plume ? can occur without warning.

The Aleutian Islands are sparsely enough settled that the primary hazard from volcanoes like Pavlof is that airborne ash could endanger planes flying between North America and Asia. In fact, in 1989, a wide-body passenger jet encountered an ash plume from Redoubt, another Alaska volcano, and lost power in all four engines.?Fortunately for the passengers, after the plane plummeted two miles in five minutes, the crew restarted the engines and landed safely in Anchorage, about a hundred miles away.

Why did Pavlof erupt?

Like the rest of the Aleutian Islands (and, for that matter, the Cascades), Pavlof sits on the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American plate. When the dense ocean floor runs into the less-dense continental crust, its weight pulls it down into the mantle, where the heat and pressures make it start to melt.

When rock melts, magma forms ? and when magma reaches the earth's surface, it erupts as lava. The more water or gases were trapped in the magma, the more explosive the eruption will be.

Though scientists know exactly how volcanoes form, volcanologists can't yet predict eruptions. But they've made huge strides, thanks to regular monitoring of hundreds of active volcanoes around the world.

Volcano monitoring became a political punching bag in 2009, after Louisiana's Gov. Bobby Jindal highlighted it as "wasteful spending" in the Republican response to President Obama's State of the Union address. "Instead of monitoring volcanoes, what Congress should be monitoring is the eruption of spending in?Washington, D.C.," said Mr. Jindal. The eruption of Redoubt Volcano a month later ? the same volcano that had nearly crashed a passenger jet in 1989 ? was seen by some as a definitive response, but video monitoring shrunk in recent years due to budget pressures and the sequester.

Alaska's 52 active volcanoes once had 200 working seismic instruments. Now 80 of those instruments have fallen into disrepair and can?t be fixed because of the USGS budget cuts, the Associated Press reported last week. That means that five of Alaska's 52 active volcanoes aren?t monitored electronically at all, and the number could rise if more instruments go without maintenance.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/XbIheICvLB4/Space-station-astronauts-snap-amazing-photos-of-Alaskan-volcanic-eruption

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Bad Writing, Good Books & Open Thread ? Balloon Juice

Speaking of bad writing, we should have a Balloon Juice version of the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest. Let?s see who can make up the worst opening line to a novel, ever.

The Bulwer-Lytton people set the bar pretty high, though. Here?s the 2010 winner (which still hasn?t been topped by subsequent entries, in my opinion):

For the first month of Ricardo and Felicity?s affair, they greeted one another at every stolen rendezvous with a kiss ? a lengthy, ravenous kiss, Ricardo lapping and sucking at Felicity?s mouth as if she were a giant cage-mounted water bottle and he were the world?s thirstiest gerbil.

Surely with the abundance of caustic wit and verbal acrobatics displayed daily, y?all are up to the task.

Now, speaking of good writing, have you read any decent books lately? Sadly, I have not. And unless you help me locate something worthwhile, I?ll be reading crap all week because I?m on vacation.

First, let me define ?good? in this context: entertaining fiction. I?m currently reading Flight Behavior by Barbara Kingsolver, but so far I?m not liking it. I thought The Poisonwood Bible was brilliant, but everything else I?ve read by her disappoints me. Hopefully it?ll pick up.

Anyhoo, bad sentences and recommendations! Or whatever.

Source: http://www.balloon-juice.com/2013/05/25/bad-writing-good-books-open-thread/

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QB Golson no longer enrolled at Notre Dame

FILE - In this April 16, 2011, file photo, Notre Dame quarterback Everett Golson sprints out of the pocket during the first half of a spring NCAA college football game in South Bend, Ind. A Notre Dame spokesman says Golson is no longer enrolled at the school. (AP Photo/Joe Raymond, File)

FILE - In this April 16, 2011, file photo, Notre Dame quarterback Everett Golson sprints out of the pocket during the first half of a spring NCAA college football game in South Bend, Ind. A Notre Dame spokesman says Golson is no longer enrolled at the school. (AP Photo/Joe Raymond, File)

SOUTH BEND, Ind. (AP) ? Quarterback Everett Golson is no longer enrolled at Notre Dame.

University spokesman Dennis Brown said Saturday night that Golson, who had three years of eligibility left after not playing as a freshman, was no longer enrolled at Notre Dame as of Friday. Brown says he couldn't comment on why because of federal privacy laws.

Golson helped lead the Fighting Irish to an undefeated regular season and the BCS title game last season as a first-time starter.

The departure leaves a major question mark at a position where coach Brian Kelly was expecting to see major improvement in an offense that struggled for much of last season, with the Irish finishing 54th in the nation in total offense, including 71st in passing offense. The most likely replacement is Tommy Rees, the 2011 starter who came in to play key roles in victories over Purdue, Michigan, Stanford and Brigham Young when Golson either struggled or was injured.

But Rees lacks the mobility that Kelly likes and struggled with turnovers as a starter two seasons ago. The other possibilities are senior Andrew Hendrix, who has seen limited action but is more mobile than Rees and has two seasons of eligibility left, and freshman Malik Zaire. Gunner Kiel didn't take part in spring practices with the Irish and has enrolled at Cincinnati.

Golson was 187 of 318 passing, a 58.8 completion rate, with 12 touchdown passes and six interceptions as the Irish went 12-1 last season, losing 42-14 loss to Alabama in the championship game. He had a pass efficiency rating of 131.01, placing him 62nd among quarterbacks nationwide. But after a year of quarterback controversy a year earlier, Golson was locked in as the starter for the upcoming season until the news broke Saturday.

It's the latest in a string of bad news for the Irish this year, starting with the blowout loss to Alabama, leaving many to question whether the Irish were as close to challenging for a national title as they appeared to be when they finished the regular season 12-0 and were ranked No. 1 for the first time in nearly two decades. Then soon after the embarrassing loss, news broke about linebacker Manti Te'o, the Heisman Trophy runner-up, was duped into an Internet romance with a girlfriend he never met who turned out to be a man pretending to be the woman.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2013-05-25-FBC-Notre-Dame-Golson/id-7560f3ddf99e45a590797f675aacf51c

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Jor-El, Krypton?s Science Council, And American Politics (OliverWillisLikeKryptoniteToStupid)

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The man behind successful gay marriage drive: Richard Carlbom (Star Tribune)

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The secret lives, and deaths, of neurons

Friday, May 24, 2013

As the human body fine-tunes its neurological wiring, nerve cells often must fix a faulty connection by amputating an axon ? the "business end" of the neuron that sends electrical impulses to tissues or other neurons. It is a dance with death, however, because the molecular poison the neuron deploys to sever an axon could, if uncontained, kill the entire cell.

Researchers from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine have uncovered some surprising insights about the process of axon amputation, or "pruning," in a study published May 21 in the journal Nature Communications. Axon pruning has mystified scientists curious to know how a neuron can unleash a self -destruct mechanism within its axon, but keep it from spreading to the rest of the cell. The researchers' findings could offer clues about the processes underlying some neurological disorders.

"Aberrant axon pruning is thought to underlie some of the causes for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism," said Mohanish Deshmukh, PhD, professor of cell biology and physiology at UNC and the study's senior author. "This study sheds light on some of the mechanisms by which neurons are able to regulate axon pruning."

Axon pruning is part of normal development and plays a key role in learning and memory. Another important process, apoptosis ? the purposeful death of an entire cell ? is also crucial because it allows the body to cull broken or incorrectly placed neurons. But both processes have been linked with disease when improperly regulated.

The research team placed mouse neurons in special devices called microfluidic chambers that allowed the researchers to independently manipulate the environments surrounding the axon and cell body to induce axon pruning or apoptosis.

They found that although the nerve cell uses the same poison ? a group of molecules known as Caspases ? whether it intends to kill the whole cell or just the axon, it deploys the Caspases in a different way depending on the context.

"People had assumed that the mechanism was the same regardless of whether the context was axon pruning or apoptosis, but we found that it's actually quite distinct," said Deshmukh. "The neuron essentially uses the same components for both cases, but tweaks them in a very elegant way so the neuron knows whether it needs to undergo apoptosis or axon pruning."

In apoptosis, the neuron deploys the deadly Caspases using an activator known as Apaf-1. In the case of axon pruning, Apaf-1 was simply not involved, despite the presence of Caspases. "This is really going to take the field by surprise," said Deshmukh. "There's very little precedent of Caspases being activated without Apaf-1. We just didn't know they could be activated through a different mechanism."

In addition, the team discovered that neurons employ other molecules as safety brakes to keep the "kill" signal contained to the axon alone. "Having this brake keeps that signal from spreading to the rest of the body," said Deshmukh. "Remarkably, just removing one brake makes the neurons more vulnerable."

Deshmukh said the findings offer a glimpse into how nerve cells reconfigure themselves during development and beyond. Enhancing our understanding of these basic processes could help illuminate what has gone wrong in the case of some neurological disorders.

###

University of North Carolina Health Care: http://www.med.unc.edu

Thanks to University of North Carolina Health Care for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/128389/The_secret_lives__and_deaths__of_neurons

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Syria regime unleashes artillery barrage on Qusair

BEIRUT (AP) ? Forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar Assad shelled a strategic western town on Saturday in their heaviest barrage of a week-long battle to dislodge rebels from there, activists said.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said at least 22 people including 18 rebels were killed in the fighting, and dozens wounded.

Pro-Assad troops, including fighters from the Lebanese militia Hezbollah, have been trying to push rebels out of Qusair. The Syrian state media has said troops steadily gained ground, including on Saturday. Local activists have denied regime gains and said rebel fighters are defending positions.

Qusair is important to Assad because it sits on a land corridor linking two of his strongholds, the capital of Damascus and towns on the Mediterranean coast. For the rebels, holding Qusair means protecting a supply line to Lebanon, 10 kilometers (six miles) away.

Saturday's barrage of rockets, mortar rounds and tank shells began after daybreak, said Qusair activist Hadi Abdullah and the pro-opposition Observatory. Both said it was the most intense shelling since the regime launched its offensive there a week ago. They also reported heavy gunfire.

The intense shelling could be heard in Lebanon's border areas and in the Syrian city of Homs, some 25 kilometers (15 miles) away.

The fighting over Qusair has highlighted Hezbollah's growing role in Syria's civil war. The militia initially tried to play down its involvement, but could no longer do so after several dozen of its fighters were killed in Qusair and buried in large funerals in Lebanon.

In Turkey, the acting president of Syria's main opposition group harshly criticized Hezbollah for its role in Qusair. "Some Lebanese are being sent to Syria as invaders in order to return back home in coffins draped with shame," said George Sabra of the Syrian National Coalition.

"Oh Syrians, come and rescue Qusair, Maadamiyeh, Daraya and eastern Ghouta so that Syria remains, as it is today, a graveyard for invaders," Sabra said, referring also to suburbs of the capital Damascus where Syrian troops have been on the offensive over the past weeks.

In an indication that the rebel's weeklong stand is also becoming a symbol outside Syria, Mohammed al-Zawahiri, who is the brother of al-Qaida leader Ayman al-Zawahiri and is himself a prominent jihadi figure in Egypt, issued a statement alongside 19 other ultraconservative Islamists and former militants to all Muslims to "help our people in Qusair."

"It is the duty of each Muslim to repel this aggression and stop the injustice, first by jihad with arms," the statement carried by a militant website said.

Saturday's push comes ahead of a speech by Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah, his first since the offensive began. The speech Saturday afternoon is to mark the anniversary of Israel's May 2000 withdrawal from southern Lebanon, commemorated each year by Hezbollah as a major military victory.

However, this year's anniversary comes at a time when Hezbollah is facing growing criticism in Lebanon for its involvement in the Syrian war.

The Syrian fighting has repeatedly spilled over into Lebanon, whose sectarian divide mirrors that of Syria. Assad opponents and supporters have been clashing for the past week in the Lebanese port city of Tripoli, using mortars, grenades and machine guns to attack densely populated areas.

Four people were killed by sniper fire Saturday, bringing the week's death toll to 29 including three Lebanese soldiers, said a Lebanese official who spoke on condition of anonymity in line with military regulations. More than 200 people have been wounded.

The fighting pits the predominantly Sunni Muslim district of Bab al-Tabbaneh against Alawites, followers of an offshoot of Shiite Islam, in the adjacent Jabal Mohsen area. Assad is an Alawite while most rebels are Sunnis.

Hezbollah is also facing repercussions in Europe over its support for the Syrian military.

Earlier this week, France and Germany joined a push by Britain to have the EU declare Hezbollah's military wing a terrorist organization. Such a move, long sought by the U.S., would hamper Hezbollah operations in Europe.

Late Friday, Hezbollah's deputy chief, Sheikh Naim Kassem told the Lebanese TV station Al-Mayadeen that the EU would make a "big mistake," but that such warnings don't concern the group. He did not elaborate.

Meanwhile, Syria's fractured political opposition was meeting for a third day in Istanbul, Turkey on Saturday to elect new leaders, try to widen its base and forge a unified position ahead of possible peace talks with the regime.

The U.S. and Russia want to bring together representatives of the opposition and the Syrian government at an international conference in Geneva for talks on a possible transition government. Much remains up in the air, including the date, the agenda and the list of participants.

On Friday, Syria ally Russia said the Assad regime accepted in principle to attend talks in Geneva, though there has been no official statement from Damascus.

The opposition is deeply suspicious about Assad's intention to hold serious peace talks, and senior opposition figures have ruled out attendance unless Assad's departure tops the agenda of such talks.

Louay Safi, a senior member of the Syrian National Coalition, the main opposition bloc, dismissed the statement made by Moscow about Syrian attendance. "This announcement has to be made by the Syrian government, not the Russians," he said Saturday by phone from Istanbul.

___

Associated Press writer Yasmine Saker in Beirut and Maamoun Youssef in Cairo contributed reporting.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syria-regime-unleashes-artillery-barrage-qusair-062233756.html

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Foc.us headset said to stimulate brain, hones in on gaming (forehead-on)

We've seen a number of headsets tap into the brain, some of which geotag your mood, grant you remote control over gadgets or simply let you wiggle a pair of cat ears with your mind. However, none of them function quite like the foc.us, which is meant to provide transcranial direct-current simulation (tDCS), a controversial form of neurosimulation that transmits current to a particular area of the brain. Originally used to help patients with brain injuries, tDCS has supposedly been found to increase cognitive performance in healthy adults. However, it hasn't been proven to provide medical benefits and isn't approved by the FDA.

Still, the foc.us is one of a few tDCS headsets designed for the consumer market, and can, the inventor Michael Oxley claims, improve your working or short-term memory when the electrodes are placed on your prefrontal cortex. A low-intensity current is passed through the different nodes, exciting that part of the brain. Interestingly, Oxley is positioning it as a way to boost your video gaming prowess for the "ultimate gaming experience," a concept we found a little odd.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/ODvOYjmGGPc/

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Security risks found in sensors for heart devices, consumer electronics

May 16, 2013 ? The type of sensors that pick up the rhythm of a beating heart in implanted cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers are vulnerable to tampering, according to a new study conducted in controlled laboratory conditions.

Implantable defibrillators monitor the heart for irregular beating and, when necessary, administer an electric shock to bring it back into normal rhythm. Pacemakers use electrical pulses to continuously keep the heart in pace.

In experiments in simulated human models, an international team of researchers demonstrated that they could forge an erratic heartbeat with radio frequency electromagnetic waves. Theoretically, a false signal like the one they created could inhibit needed pacing or induce unnecessary defibrillation shocks.

The team includes researchers from the University of Michigan, University of South Carolina, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Minnesota, University of Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School.

The researchers emphasize that they know of no case where a hacker has corrupted an implanted cardiac device, and doing so in the real world would be extremely difficult.

"Security is often an arms race with adversaries," said Wenyuan Xu, assistant professor of computer science and engineering at the University of South Carolina. "As researchers, it's our responsibility to always challenge the common practice and find defenses for vulnerabilities that could be exploited before unfortunate incidents happen. We hope our research findings can help to enhance the security of sensing systems that will emerge for years to come."

This is not the first time vulnerabilities have been identified in implantable medical devices. But the findings reveal new security risks in relatively common "analog" sensors -- sensors that rely on inputs from the human body or the environment to cue particular actions.

Beyond medical devices, analog sensors are also used in microphones in Bluetooth headsets and computers in web-based phone calls. In those places, too, the researchers discovered vulnerabilities.

"We found that these analog devices generally trust what they receive from their sensors, and that path is weak and could be exploited," said Denis Foo Kune, U-M postdoctoral researcher and visiting scholar in computer science and engineering, who will present the findings May 20 at the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy in San Francisco.

uAlthough these medical systems and consumer electronics have security mechanisms, the information the analog sensors receive bypasses their safety layers. The devices convert the input from the sensors directly into digital information that they use to make quick decisions.

In the category of medical devices, the researchers tested cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers in open air to determine which radio waveforms could cause interference. Then they exposed the medical devices to those waveforms in a both a saline bath and a patient simulator. The experiments suggest that the human body likely acts as a shield, protecting the medical devices to a large degree, the researchers said.

They found that in the saline bath and the patient simulator, a perpetrator would need to be within five centimeters -- about two inches -- away to cause interference. Current guidelines instruct patients to keep potential sources of interference at least 27 centimeters, or 10.5 inches, away from their chest.

"People with pacemakers and defibrillators can remain confident in the safety and effectiveness of their implants," said Kevin Fu, U-M associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science. "Patients already protect themselves from interference by keeping transmitters like phones away from their implants. The problem is that emerging medical sensors worn on the body, rather than implanted, could be more susceptible to this type of interference."

The team proposes solutions to help the sensors ensure that the signals they're receiving are authentic. Software could, in a sense, ping the cardiac tissue to determine whether the previous pulse came from the heart or from interference. If the source was not the heart, the software could raise a red flag.

The researchers also found pathways to tamper with consumer electronics. They were able to use specific radio signals to convince the mic on a phone paired with a Bluetooth headset that a caller was dialing touch-tone selections at an automated banking line. They demonstrated this by changing the call language from English to Spanish.

Foo Kune said the technique could conceivably enable more harmful scenarios such as fraudulent money transfers. In another experiment, they canceled out speech on one side of a web-based phone call and replaced it with a song (Weezer's "Island in the Sun").

"The microphone was receiving the song even though the room was silent," Foo Kune said.

"This type of interference can be prevented with shields and filters like those seen today in military-grade equipment," said Yongdae Kim, professor of electrical engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. "Safety critical systems, such as smart grids and automated vehicles, rely more and more on sensing technology for their accurate operation. Malicious input signals with improved antenna and power may cause serious safety problems."

Last week, the Archimedes Center for Medical Device Security at U-M held a private briefing and problem solving session for medical device manufacturers and trauma centers. The paper is called "Ghost Talk: Mitigating EMI Signal Injection Attacks against Analog Sensors."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/heart_disease/~3/kUQetuFIXgQ/130516123920.htm

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An inspired career strategy

A Christian Science perspective: Facebook CEO Sheryl Sandberg's recent book "Lean In" has some helpful career strategies, but this writer has discovered the importance of "leaning up" for divine inspiration.

By Sue Brightman / May 15, 2013

A new book titled ?Lean In? by Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer of Facebook, is prompting much discussion. It focuses on the challenges women face in the corporate arena and how women can best be visible, impactful, and effective. As healthy dialogue continues about Ms. Sandberg?s views, much can be appreciated about the importance of bringing one?s talents and inspired leadership into the world of work.

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While there are indeed helpful strategies for finding work, advancing our careers, or achieving ?best fit? job alignment, many people find that more than human effort and analysis is required ? that God?s guidance and wisdom are needed. And for this, we must lean up.

?To those leaning on the sustaining infinite,? writes Mary Baker Eddy, the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science, ?to-day is big with blessings? (?Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures,? p. vii). Leaning on the sustaining infinite, God, is an active process. It involves praying. It involves listening. And listening from a spiritual basis often involves letting go of human will and human reasoning. As we lean up to hear God?s guidance, which often comes as a fresh idea or impulse, we are inextricably linked to the source of all good.

The Bible teaches us how to recognize ideas from God. ?The wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits,? says the book of James (3:17). This is how we know the influence has a divine source.

I experienced the fruits of leaning up several years ago. After moving to a new city to support my children?s education, my previously successful self-employment shifted through no fault of my own. With earnest energy I employed every possible strategy to find a job or land new clients. After many months, three imperfect answers presented themselves: high-paying work in another city, contract work with no security, or local full-time work at low pay. As a solo parent with significant responsibilities, none appeared right.

All the while, I had been praying. One day when faced with much fear, I took a walk at a nearby park. While meandering through the blossoming bushes and trees, I prayed, ?Father, which of the three jobs should I take?? Immediately the thought arrived, ?That?s the wrong question. Ask the right question.? I ?leaned up? in order to hear God?s wisdom, and I realized that the issue requiring an answer was not about three particular jobs, but about my life purpose. As soon as I asked the new question, these words suddenly appeared in my consciousness: ?Love?s divine adventure.?

Thrilled and somewhat in awe, I went home to look up the source of this spiritually impelled phrase. When I found it, I couldn?t recall ever having read it before.

?We live in an age of Love?s divine adventure to be All-in-all,? declared Mrs. Eddy at the laying of the cornerstone of a Christian Science church in Concord, N.H., recorded in the Concord Monitor (?The First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Miscellany,? p. 158). This resonated strongly for me as my reason for doing any kind of work at all.

With that, I took a piece of paper and made three columns across the top: Love, Divine, and Adventure. I then wrote the three work opportunities down the left side of the page. For each, I captured the degree to which that job role would fulfill each of the three distinct characteristics of my purpose: to express love, to achieve a higher (divine) aim through my work, and to experience adventure/growth.

A clear pattern emerged from this effort. Part-time employment, combined with the contract opportunity, seemed a perfect combination. It was one I had not even considered a possibility. With that, I contacted the organization where the full-time job existed and offered to fulfill all the work requirements on a part-time basis but with full-time pay. They were a bit stunned but agreed to consider it. Within the week, they offered me exactly that position, on those terms. I became the first part-time director ever at that organization.

Combined with the challenging contract work I also secured, this wonderful arrangement lasted many happy years. I was more than able to meet financial obligations, care for my family, save for my children?s college education, and grow professionally in leaps and bounds.

?Leaning up? to God brought not only enriching results, but evidence of how divine Mind responds to our needs in creative ways ? outside the box ? with infinite blessings.

Living Love?s divine adventure continues to be my purpose. And for every one of us, leaning up can bring uniquely suited answers to our immediate needs, whatever they may be ? and to our bigger life questions.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/rOZYNuC8RZw/An-inspired-career-strategy

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Egypt militants planned to hit U.S., French embassies

VAJONT, Italy (Reuters) - Lithuanian Ramunas Navardauskas claimed a solo victory on the summit finish of stage 11 at the Giro d'Italia on Wednesday while Italian Vincenzo Nibali retained the overall lead. The Garmin-Sharp rider shook off his closest pursuer, Italian Daniel Oss, to go clear five km from the finish line at Vajont. Oss finished in second place, just over a minute back, with Italian Stefano Pirazzi third. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-militants-planned-hit-u-french-embassies-mena-180830859.html

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Diddy Joins 'Downton Abbey'... Sort Of

While the period drama claims they just cast their first African-American actor, Diddy's new spoof shows he's actually been there all along.
By Jocelyn Vena

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1707446/diddy-downton-abbey-spoof.jhtml

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Miss USA Nana Meriwether Reveals Crush on Prince Harry

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/05/miss-usa-nana-meriwether-reveals-crush-on-prince-harry/

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Cotton offers a new ecologically friendly way to clean up oil spills

Public release date: 15-May-2013
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Contact: Michael Bernstein
m_bernstein@acs.org
202-872-6042
American Chemical Society

With the Deepwater Horizon disaster emphasizing the need for better ways of cleaning up oil spills, scientists are reporting that unprocessed, raw cotton may be an ideal, ecologically friendly answer, with an amazing ability to sop up oil. Their report, which includes some of the first scientific data on unprocessed, raw cotton's use in crude oil spills, appears in the ACS journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.

Seshadri Ramkumar and colleagues note that a particular need exists for oil-spill sorbents that are abundantly available at relatively low cost, sustainable and biodegradable. There have been extensive studies on fibers such as barley straw, kapok and wool but big gaps in knowledge about their basic crude oil-uptake mechanisms and no data on unprocessed raw cotton. Ramkumar's team decided to fill those gaps with research on the oil sorption properties of low micronaire cotton, a form of unprocessed cotton with relatively less commercial value.

They report that each pound of the material has the ability to sop up and hold more than 30 pounds of crude oil. The cotton fibers take up oil in multiple ways, including both absorption and adsorption (in which oil sticks to the outer surface of the cotton fiber). "In contrast to synthetic sorbents, raw cotton with its high crude oil sorption capacity and positive environmental footprint make it an ecologically friendly sorbent for oil spill cleanups," the report concludes.

###

The authors acknowledge funding from the Texas State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated and The CH Foundation.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 163,000 members, ACS is the world's largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

To automatically receive news releases from the American Chemical Society, contact newsroom@acs.org.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 15-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Michael Bernstein
m_bernstein@acs.org
202-872-6042
American Chemical Society

With the Deepwater Horizon disaster emphasizing the need for better ways of cleaning up oil spills, scientists are reporting that unprocessed, raw cotton may be an ideal, ecologically friendly answer, with an amazing ability to sop up oil. Their report, which includes some of the first scientific data on unprocessed, raw cotton's use in crude oil spills, appears in the ACS journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.

Seshadri Ramkumar and colleagues note that a particular need exists for oil-spill sorbents that are abundantly available at relatively low cost, sustainable and biodegradable. There have been extensive studies on fibers such as barley straw, kapok and wool but big gaps in knowledge about their basic crude oil-uptake mechanisms and no data on unprocessed raw cotton. Ramkumar's team decided to fill those gaps with research on the oil sorption properties of low micronaire cotton, a form of unprocessed cotton with relatively less commercial value.

They report that each pound of the material has the ability to sop up and hold more than 30 pounds of crude oil. The cotton fibers take up oil in multiple ways, including both absorption and adsorption (in which oil sticks to the outer surface of the cotton fiber). "In contrast to synthetic sorbents, raw cotton with its high crude oil sorption capacity and positive environmental footprint make it an ecologically friendly sorbent for oil spill cleanups," the report concludes.

###

The authors acknowledge funding from the Texas State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated and The CH Foundation.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 163,000 members, ACS is the world's largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

To automatically receive news releases from the American Chemical Society, contact newsroom@acs.org.

Follow us: Twitter Facebook

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/acs-coa051513.php

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Internet Hosting Tips Anyone Should Know About | Promoting the ...

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Source: http://www.wsst.org/internet-hosting-tips-anyone-should-know-about

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